THE ANNUNCIATION
The
Feast
of the Annunciation
Taken From THE LITURGICAL YEAR by Dom Gueranger
THIS is a great day, not only to man, but even to God Himself; for it is the anniversary of the most solemn event that time has ever witnessed. On this day, the Divine Word, by Whom the Father created the world, was made flesh in the womb of a Virgin, and dwelt among us. [St. John i. 14] We must spend it in joy. Whilst we adore the Son of God Who humbled Himself by thus becoming Man, let us give thanks to the Father, Who so loved the world, as to give His Only-begotten Son; [Ibid. iii. 16] let us give thanks to the Holy Ghost, Whose almighty power achieves the great mystery. We are in the very midst of Lent, and yet the ineffable joys of Christmas are upon us: our Emmanuel is conceived on this day, and, nine months hence, will be born in Bethlehem, and the Angels will invite us to come and honour the sweet Babe.
During Septuagesima week, we meditated upon the fall of our first parents, and the triple sentence pronounced by God against the serpent, the woman, and Adam. Our hearts were filled with fear as we reflected on the Divine malediction, the effects of which are to be felt by all generations, even to the end of the world. But in the midst of the anathemas then pronounced against us, a promise was made us by our God; it was a promise of salvation, and it enkindled hope within us. In pronouncing sentence against the serpent, God said that his head should one day be crushed, and that, too, by a woman.
The time has come for the fulfillment of this promise. The world has been in expectation for four thousand years; and the hope of its deliverance has been kept up, in spite of all its crimes. During this time, God has made use of miracles, prophecies, and types, as a renewal of the engagement He has entered into with mankind. The Blood of the Messias has passed from Adam to Noe; from Sem to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob; from David and Solomon to Joachim; and now it flows in the veins of Mary, Joachim's daughter. Mary is the woman by whom is to be taken from our race the curse that lies upon it. God has decreed that she should be Immaculate; and has thereby set an irreconcilable enmity between her and the serpent. She, a daughter of Eve, is to repair all the injury done by her mother's fall; she is to raise up her sex from the degradation into which it has been cast; she is to co-operate, directly and really, in the victory which the Son of God is about to gain over His and our enemy.
A tradition, which has come down from the Apostolic ages, tells us that the great mystery of the Incarnation was achieved on the twenty-fifth day of March. [St. Augustine. De Trinitate, Lib. iv. cap. v] It was at the hour of midnight, when the most holy Virgin was alone and absorbed in prayer, that the Archangel Gabriel appeared before her, and asked her, in the name of the blessed Trinity, to consent to become the Mother of God. Let us assist, in spirit, at this wonderful interview between the Angel and the Virgin: and, at the same time, let us think of that other interview which took place between Eve and the serpent. A holy bishop and martyr of the second century, Saint Irenæus, who had received the tradition from the very disciples of the Apostles, shows us that Nazareth is the counterpart of Eden. [Adv. hæreses. Lib. v. cap. xix]
In the garden of delights there is a virgin and an Angel; and a conversation takes place between them. At Nazareth a Virgin is also addressed by an Angel, and she answers him; but the Angel of the earthly paradise is a spirit of darkness, and he of Nazareth is a spirit of light. In both instances it is the Angel that has the first word. 'Why,' said the Serpent to Eve, 'hath God commanded you, that you should not eat of every tree of paradise?' His question implies impatience and a solicitation to evil; he has contempt for the frail creature to whom he addresses it, but he hates the image of God which is upon her.
See, on the other hand, the Angel of light; see with what composure and peacefulness he approaches the Virgin of Nazareth, the new Eve; and how respectfully he bows himself down before her: ' Hail, full of grace! The Lord is with thee! Blessed art thou among women!' Such language is evidently of Heaven: none but an Angel could speak thus to Mary.
Eve imprudently listens to the tempter's words; she answers him; she enters into conversation with one that dares to ask her to question the justice of God's commands. Her curiosity urges her on. She has no mistrust in the Serpent; this leads her to mistrust her Creator.
Mary hears what Gabriel has spoken to her; but this most prudent Virgin is silent. She is surprised at the praise given her by the Angel. The purest and humblest of virgins has a dread of flattery; and the Heavenly messenger receives no reply from her, until he has fully explained his mission by these words: 'Fear not, Mary, for thou hast found grace with God. Behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and shalt bring forth a Son: and thou shalt call His name Jesus. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God shall give unto Him the throne of David His father: and He shall reign in the house of Jacob for ever, and of His kingdom there shall be no end.'
What magnificent
promises are these, which are made to her in the name of God! What
higher
glory could she, a daughter of Juda, desire, knowing, as she does, that
the fortunate Mother of the Messias is to be the object of the greatest
veneration? And yet it tempts her not. She has for ever consecrated her
virginity to God, in order that she may be the more closely united to
Him
by love. The grandest possible privilege, if it is to be on the
condition
of violating this sacred vow, would be less than nothing in her
estimation.
She thus answers the Angel: 'How shall this be done? because I know not
man.'
The first Eve evinces no such prudence or disinterestedness. No sooner has the wicked spirit assured her that she may break the commandment of her Divine Benefactor and not die; that the fruit of her disobedience will be a wonderful knowledge, which will put her on an equality with God Himself : than she immediately yields; she is conquered. Her self-love has made her at once forget both duty and gratitude: she is delighted at the thought of being freed from the two-fold tie which binds her to her Creator.
Such is the woman that caused our perdition. But how different is she that was to save us! The former cares not for her posterity; she looks but to her own interests: the latter forgets herself to think only of her God, and of the claims He has to her service. The Angel, charmed with this sublime fidelity, thus answers the question put to him by Mary, and reveals to her the designs of God: 'The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee. And therefore also the Holy which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. And behold thy cousin Elizabeth, she also hath conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her that is called barren; because no word shall be impossible with God.' This said, he is silent, and reverently awaits the answer of the Virgin of Nazareth.
Let us look once more at the virgin of Eden. Scarcely has the wicked spirit finished speaking than Eve casts a longing look at the forbidden fruit: she is impatient to enjoy the independence it is to bring her. She rashly stretches forth her hand; she plucks the fruit ; she eats it, and death takes possession of her: death of the soul, for sin extinguishes the light of life; and death of the body, which, being separated from the source of immortality, becomes an object of shame and horror, and finally crumbles into dust.
But let us turn away our eyes from this sad spectacle, and fix them on Nazareth. Mary has heard the Angel's explanation of the mystery; the will of Heaven is made known to her, and how grand an honour it is to bring upon her! She, the humble maid of Nazareth, is to have the ineffable happiness of becoming the Mother of God, and yet the treasure of her virginity is to be left to her! Mary bows down before this sovereign will, and says to the Heavenly messenger: 'Behold the handmaid of the Lord: be it done to me according to thy word.'
Thus, as the great St. Irenæus and so many of the holy fathers remark, the obedience of the second Eve repaired the disobedience of the first: for no sooner does the Virgin of Nazareth speak her fiat, 'be it done,' than the eternal Son of God [Who, according to the Divine decree, awaited this word] is present, by the operation of the Holy Ghost, in the chaste womb of Mary, and there He begins His human life. A Virgin is a Mother, and Mother of God; and it is this Virgin's consenting to the Divine will that has made her conceive by the power of the Holy Ghost. This sublime mystery puts between the eternal Word and a mere woman the relations of Son and Mother; it gives to the almighty God a means whereby He may, in a manner worthy of His majesty, triumph over Satan, who hitherto seemed to have prevailed against the Divine plan.
Never was
there a more entire or humiliating defeat than that which this day
befell
Satan. The frail creature, over whom he had so easily triumphed at the
beginning of the world, now rises and crushes his proud head. Eve
conquers
in Mary. God would not choose man for the instrument of His vengeance;
the humiliation of Satan would not have been great enough; and
therefore
she who was the first prey of Hell, the first victim of the tempter, is
selected to give battle to the enemy. The result of so glorious a
triumph
is that Mary is to be superior not only to the rebel Angels, but to the
whole human race, yea, to all the Angels of Heaven. Seated on her
exalted
throne, she, the Mother of God, is to be the Queen of all creation.
Satan,
in the depths of the abyss, will eternally bewail his having dared to
direct
his first attack against the woman, for God has now so gloriously
avenged
her; and in Heaven, the very Cherubim and Seraphim reverently look up
to
Mary, and deem themselves honoured when she smiles upon them, or
employs
them in the execution of any of her wishes, for she is the Mother of
their
God.
Therefore
is it that we, the children of Adam, who have been snatched by Mary's
obedience
from the power of Hell, solemnize this day of the Annunciation. Well
may
we say of Mary those words of Debbora, when she sang her song of
victory
over the enemies of God's people: 'The valiant men ceased, and rested
in
Israel, until Debbora arose, a mother arose in Israel. The Lord chose
new
wars, and He Himself overthrew the gates of the enemies.' [Judges
v. 7, 8] Let us also refer to the holy Mother of Jesus these words
of Judith, who by her victory over the enemy was another type of Mary:
'Praise ye the Lord our God, Who hath not forsaken them that hope in
Him.
And by me, His handmaid, He hath fulfilled His mercy, which He promised
to the house of Israel; and He hath killed the enemy of His people by
my
hand this night. . . . The almighty Lord hath struck him, and hath
delivered
him into the hands of a woman, and hath slain him.' [Judith
viii. 17, 18]
Sequel of the holy Gospel according to Luke. Ch. i.
At that time: the Angel Gabriel was sent from God into a city of Galilee, called Nazareth, to a Virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the Virgin's name was Mary. And the Angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women. Who having heard, was troubled at his saying, and thought with herself what manner of salutation this should be. And the Angel said to her: Fear not, Mary, for thou hast found grace with God. Behold thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and shalt bring forth a son, and thou shalt call His name Jesus. He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God shall give unto Him the throne of David His father: and He shall reign in the house of Jacob for ever, and of His Kingdom there shall be no end. And Mary said to the Angel: How shall this be done, because I know not man? And the Angel answering, said to her: The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee. And therefore also the Holy which shall be born of thee, shall be called the Son of God. And behold thy cousin Elizabeth she also hath conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her that is called barren: because no word shall be impossible with God. And Mary said: Behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it done to me according to Thy word.
By these last words
of thine, O Mary! our happiness is secured. Thou consentest to the
desire
of Heaven, and thy consent brings us our Saviour. O Virgin-Mother!
Blessed
among women! we unite our thanks with the homage that is paid thee
by the Angels. By thee is our ruin repaired; in thee is our nature
restored;
for thou hast wrought the victory of man over Satan! St. Bernard, in
one
of his homilies on this Gospel, thus speaks: 'Rejoice, O thou our
father
Adam! but thou, O mother Eve, still more rejoice! You were our parents,
but you were also our destroyers; and, what is worse, you had wrought
our
destruction before you gave us birth. Both of you must be consoled in
such
a daughter as this: but thou, O Eve, who wast the first cause of our
misfortune,
and whose humiliation has descended upon all women, thou hast a special
reason to rejoice in Mary. For the time has now come, when the
humiliation
is taken away; neither can man any longer complain against the woman,
as
of old, when he foolishly sought to excuse himself, and cruelly put all
the blame on her, saying: "The woman, whom Thou gavest me, gave me of
the
tree, and I did eat." Go, Eve, to Mary; go, mother, to thy daughter;
let
thy daughter take thy part, and free thee from thy disgrace, and
reconcile
thee to her father: for, if man fell by a woman, he is raised up by a
woman.
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