CHAPTER 1
The Doctrine of the Real Presence
A CERTAIN man was once thrown into prison. He there suffered so much
from hunger, thirst and cold that at last he was almost dead. One day
the king determined to pay a visit to the captive, in order to find out
how he bore his sufferings. Having put off his royal apparel, he went
in disguise to the prison and asked the poor man how he fared, but the
prisoner, being very sad and melancholy, scarcely deigned to answer
him. When the king had gone away, the jailer said to the criminal: "Do
you know who was speaking to you? It was the king himself." "The king!"
exclaimed the captive. "O wretch that I am! If I had known that I would
have thrown myself at his feet and clasped his knees, and I would not
have let him go until he had pardoned me. Alas! What a favorable
opportunity I have lost of freeing myself from this dungeon." It was
thus the poor captive lamented in anguish and despair, but all was
unavailing.
I think, dear Reader, you understand the meaning of this story. The
sufferings of this captive represent the wretchedness of man's
condition on this earth. Our true country is Heaven, and as long as we
are living on earth, we are captives and exiles. We are far from Jesus
Christ, our King; far from Mary, our good Mother; far from the Angels
and Saints of Heaven; and far from our dear departed friends. But very
many Christians are also, in another respect, like the captive of whom
I have spoken. They do not know Jesus Christ, their true King, who not
only visits them, but dwells very near them. "But," you will ask, "how
can Jesus Christ dwell near them without their knowing Him?" It is
because He has put on a strange garment and appears in disguise.
Our Lord Jesus Christ abides in two places: in Heaven, where He shows
Himself undisguised, as He is in reality; and on earth in the Blessed
Sacrament, in which He conceals Himself under the appearance of bread.
One day a certain nun said to St. Teresa: "I wish that I had lived at
the time of Jesus Christ, my dear Saviour, for then I could have seen
how amiable and lovely He is." St. Teresa, on hearing this, laughed
outright. "What!" said she, "do you not know then, dear sister, that
the same Jesus Christ is still with us on earth, that He lives quite
near us, in our churches, on our altars, in the Blessed Sacrament?"
Yes, the Blessed Sacrament, or Holy Eucharist, is the true Body and
Blood of Jesus Christ, Our Lord, who is truly, really and substantially
present under the outward appearances of bread and wine.
This is indeed a great mystery, and the more to confirm your faith in
it, I will give you some proofs for it from Scripture and tradition.
The first proof is taken from the sixth chapter of the gospel of St.
John. Our Divine Saviour knew that if He were to teach the Jews and His
disciples such a new and wonderful doctrine without having first
prepared them for it, there would be scarcely one who would believe
Him. When God intends to do something very extraordinary, He generally
prepares men for it by revealing to them beforehand what He is about to
do. Thus we know that when He intended to destroy the world by the
deluge, He made it known through Noah a hundred years before this
dreadful event took place. Again, when the Son of God had become man
and was about to make Himself known as the Redeemer of the world, He
sent St. John the Baptist to prepare the people for His coming.
Finally, when He intended to destroy Jerusalem, He foretold it by the
prophets; and, Jesus Christ has also described the signs by which men
may know when the End of the World is at hand. God acts thus with men
because He does not wish to overwhelm them by His strange and wonderful
dealings. Hence, when our Divine Saviour was about to tell the people
that He intended to give them His Flesh and Blood as food for their
souls, He prepared them for this mysterious doctrine by working a very
astounding miracle.
This great miracle was the feeding of five thousand men with five
loaves and two fishes. The people, having witnessed this miracle, were
all so full of reverence for Jesus Christ that they wished to take Him
by force and make Him king; but Jesus, perceiving this, fled from them.
They found Him again, however, on the following day, and then Jesus
took occasion from the impression the miracle had made on them to
introduce the subject of the heavenly food which He was about to give
to the world. "Amen, I say to you," said Jesus, "ye seek Me, not
because ye have seen signs, but because ye have eaten of the loaves and
have been filled. Labor not for the food which perisheth, but for that
which endureth to life everlasting which the Son of man will give you."
(John 6:26-27) Here He declares that the food He was to give them would
confer eternal life. Their curiosity being excited by these words, they
desired to know more about this heavenly food and asked what sign He
would give them and whether the food He spoke of was better than the
manna from Heaven which God had given their fathers in the desert. Then
Jesus said to them: "Amen, amen, I say to you, Moses gave you not the
bread from heaven; but My Father giveth you the
true bread from heaven; for the bread of God is that which cometh down from Heaven and giveth life to the world." (John 6:32-33)
In these words He shows the superiority of this bread to the manna of
the Old Testament, calling it the "true bread from Heaven," and saying
that it possesses such wonderful efficacy as to give life to the world.
The Jews, hearing of such a wonderful kind of bread, said to Him:
"Lord, give us this bread always." (John 6:34). Whereupon, He replied:
"I am the bread of life; your fathers did eat manna in the desert, and
died. This is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that if any man
eat of it, he may not die.
I am the living bread which came down from Heaven; if any man eat of
this
bread, he shall live forever; and the bread that I will give is My
flesh for the life of the world." (John 6:52) "He that eateth My flesh
and drinketh My blood, hath life everlasting, and I will raise him up
on the last day.
For My flesh is meat indeed, and My blood is drink indeed. He that
eateth My flesh and drinketh My blood abideth in Me and I in him."
(John 6:55-57) His disciples hearing this, said: "This saying is hard,
and who can hear it." (John 6:61) Jesus, knowing that His disciples
murmured at this, said to them: "Doth this scandalize you?" (John 6:62)
Observe, He
does not say you are mistaken; you do not understand Me. No, on the
contrary, He insists still more on the necessity of eating His Flesh
and drinking His Blood: "Amen, amen, I say unto you, unless you eat the
flesh of the Son of man and
drink His blood, you shall not have life in you." "Many of His
disciples," continues the Evangelist, "hearing this, went away and
walked no more with Him."
Jesus, seeing that they would not believe that He was to give them His
Flesh and Blood as food for their souls, suffered them to go away
offended, and when they were gone, He said to the Twelve: "Will ye also
go away?" Then Simon Peter answered in the name of all: "Lord, to whom
shall we go? Thou hast the words of eternal life. And we believe and
know that Thou art the Christ, the Son of God." (John 6:68-70) Remark
the noble simplicity of the Apostles' faith.
They believe the words of their Master without the least hesitation;
they receive His words in that sense in which the others had refused to
receive them; they receive them in their obvious meaning, as a promise
that He would give them His
real Flesh to eat and His
real Blood
to drink; they believe with a full faith, simply because He is "the
Christ, the Son of God," too good to deceive, and too wise to be
deceived; too faithful to make vain promises, and too powerful to find
difficulty in fulfilling them. From this time forward the disciples
were constantly expecting that Jesus Christ would fulfill His promise.
At length the long-looked-for day came. At the Last Supper Jesus took
bread and blessed and gave to His disciples and said: "Take ye and eat,
for this is My Body." Then taking the chalice, He gave thanks and gave
to them, saying: "Drink ye all of this, for this is
My Blood
of the New Testament which shall be shed for many, for the remission of
sins." (Matt. 26:28) Now in these words we must consider especially the
Speaker. It was God Himself.
It was the same God Who created Heaven and earth out of nothing; Who,
in the beginning, said: "Let light be made," and in an instant the sun,
the moon and the stars appeared in the heavens; the same God Who once
destroyed the whole world by water, with the exception of eight
persons; Who destroyed Sodom and Gomorrha by fire from Heaven; Who, by
His servant Moses, wrought so many miracles in the sight of Pharaoh and
conducted the Israelites out of Egypt, making a dry path for them in
the midst of the Red Sea. It was the same God, Jesus Christ, Who once
changed water into wine; Who gave sight to the blind, hearing to the
deaf, speech to the dumb, and life to the dead; Jesus Christ Who
ascended into Heaven and Who, at the end of the world, will come again
with great majesty in the clouds of Heaven, to judge the living and the
dead. He it was, the great Almighty God, Who took bread into His most
sacred hands, blessed and gave to His disciples, saying: "
Take ye and eat: For this is My Body." And no sooner had He said: "
This is My Body," than the bread was really changed into His Body.
He
it was Who, in the same manner, took the chalice, blessed and gave to
the disciples, saying: "Drink ye all of it, for this is My Blood." And
no sooner had He said, "This is My Blood," than the wine was really
changed into His Blood.
When God speaks, what He commands is done in an instant. As He made the
sun, the moon and the stars merely by saying: "Let light be made," so
also at the Last Supper, by His word alone, He instantaneously changed
bread into His Body and wine into His Blood. To those who doubt this,
we may apply the reproof which St. Jane Frances de Chantal once gave to
a Calvinist nobleman who was disputing with her father about the Real
Presence. She was at that time only five years of age, but hearing the
dispute, she advanced to the heretic and said: "What, Sir! You do not
believe that Jesus Christ is really present in the Holy Eucharist, and
yet He has told us that He is
present.
You then make Him a liar. If you dared attack the honor of the king, my
father would defend it at the risk of his life, and even at the cost of
yours; what have you then to expect from God for calling His Son a
liar?" The Calvinist was greatly surprised at the child's zeal, and
endeavored to appease his young adversary with presents; but, full of
love for her holy faith, she took his gifts and threw them into the
fire, saying: "Thus shall all those burn in Hell who do not believe the
words of Jesus Christ."
St. Paul warmly exhorts the Corinthians to flee all communication with
idolatry and to abstain from things offered to idols, and he uses the
following argument to persuade them: "The chalice of blessing which we
bless, is it not the communion of the Blood of
Christ? And the bread which we break, is it not the communion of the Body of the Lord?" (1 Cor. 10:16)
Here he expressly says that in the Holy Eucharist we communicate and
partake of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. And still further on he
says, in the same epistle to the Corinthians: "Whosoever shall eat this
bread, or drink the chalice of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of
the Body and Blood of the Lord." Nay, he goes farther and says: "He
that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to
himself, not discerning the Body of the Lord." (1 Cor: 11:29)
How could the Apostle declare that anyone who received Holy Communion
unworthily would eat and drink eternal damnation, if such a one did not
really receive Our Lord? Would it not be absurd to say that a man would
incur eternal damnation by merely eating a piece of bread or drinking a
few drops of wine? But because the Apostle, taught by Jesus Christ
Himself, knew that he who receives Holy Communion receives Our Lord
Himself, he declared that to receive it unworthily was to be guilty of
the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ and consequently to deserve
Hell-fire.
Moreover, all the Fathers of the Church teach the same doctrine as St.
Paul. St. Ignatius, Bishop of Smyrna, who lived in the first century,
wrote as follows to the faithful of that city: "Because the heretics
refuse to acknowledge that the Holy Eucharist contains the same flesh
which suffered for our sins and was raised again to life by God the
Father, they die a miserable death and perish without hope."
Tertullian says: "Our flesh is nourished with the Body and Blood of
Jesus Christ so that our souls are filled with God Himself." "Who,"
asks St. John Chrysostom, "will give us of His flesh that we may be
filled?" (Job 31:31) This Christ has done, allowing Himself not only to
be seen, but to be touched too, and to be eaten, so that our teeth
pierce His
Flesh, and all are filled with His love.
Parents often give their children to others to nurse them: not so do I, says Christ
-----I
nourish you with My Flesh and place Myself before you. I was willing to
become your brother; for your sake I took Flesh and Blood; and
again I deliver to you that Flesh and Blood
by which I became so nearly related to you." (Homil. 46). In like
manner do all the Fathers of the Church speak that have written upon
this subject.
But you will ask: "
How is Our
Lord present in the Holy Eucharist?" I answer: "Jesus Christ is truly,
really and substantially contained under the outward appearance of
bread and wine, i.e., He is present whole and entire, His Body and
Soul, His Flesh and His Blood, His whole humanity and His whole
Divinity. This is clear from what Our Lord said at the institution of
this holy mystery: "This is My Body," that is to say, this which I hold
in My hand is the same body of Flesh with which you see Me clothed, the
same Body that I have borne for thirty-three years, the very Body that
shall be tomorrow nailed to the Cross.
Moreover, as in Him the human nature was inseparably united to the Divine, He Himself
-----His whole humanity and Divinity
-----was
contained under that outward appearance of bread. "How is this
possible?" you ask. I answer: "By the Almighty power of God." Is it not
as easy for Him to change bread into His Body and wine into His Blood
as it was for Him to create Heaven and earth out of nothing? It
happened once in the Netherlands that two ladies, a Catholic and a
Protestant, were disputing on the subject of the Real Presence. The
Protestant asserted that the Real Presence was impossible. The Catholic
asked her: "Have you Protestants any creed in your religion?" "Oh, to
be sure," said the Protestant; and she began to recite: "I believe in
God the Father Almighty, Creator of Heaven and earth." "Stop," said the
other; "that is enough. You say that you believe in an all-powerful
God; why then do you not believe that He can change bread into His Body
and wine into His Blood? Is that difficult for Him Who is Almighty?"
The Protestant had nothing to answer.
A similar argument was once made use of by a pious painter named
Leonardo. He one day met in an inn two men, one of whom was a Lutheran
and the other a Calvinist. They were ridiculing the Catholic doctrine
about the Blessed Sacrament. The Calvinist pretended that by these
words, "This is My Body," it was only meant that the bread
signifies
the Body of Christ; the Lutheran, on the other hand, asserted that this
was not true, but that they meant that bread and wine, in the moment of
their reception, became, by the faith of the recipient, the Body and
Blood of Christ. While this dispute was going on, Leonardo took a piece
of paper and drew the image of Our Lord Jesus Christ, with Luther on
the right hand and Calvin on the left. Under the image of our Saviour,
he wrote the words: "This is My Body." Under the figure of Calvin he
wrote: "This
signifies My
Body"; and under that of Luther: "This becomes My Body in the moment
that you eat it." Then handing the paper to the two disputants, he
said: "Which of these three is right, our Saviour, or Calvin, or
Luther?" They were struck at the force of the argument, and ceased to
scoff at the Catholic doctrine.
Indeed, this objection to the Real Presence is but a proof of the
blindness into which men fall when they are led astray by pride and
instigated by the devil. The devil has had from the beginning a special
hatred for this doctrine. In the early ages of the Church, he incited
Simon the Magician and the Manichaeans to deny it, and in later times,
he seduced Berengarius to follow their example; but he never succeeded
so well as with Luther, Calvin, Zwingli and the other heresiarchs of
the sixteenth century.
Luther acknowledges himself that the devil once appeared to him in a
visible shape and told him to abolish the Sacrifice of the Mass and to
deny the Real Presence of Our Lord in the Blessed Sacrament. And
indeed, this is not strange. The devil knows that, according to the
promise of Jesus Christ, they who receive Holy Communion worthily will
not fall into his power but will obtain eternal life, and on this
account he either tempts men to disbelieve the mystery, or he suggests
every sort of pretext to keep them from receiving it. But he himself
believes it and trembles. Would to God that all men had so strong a
faith! After Our Lord had changed bread into His Body and wine into His
Blood, He added the words: "Do this in remembrance of Me."
Now, by these words, He commanded the Apostles and their lawful
successors, the Catholic bishops and priests, to consecrate, i.e., to
change bread and wine into His Body and Blood. "Do this," He says
-----that
is to say, "do this which I have done; as I have changed bread and wine
into My Body and Blood, so do you also in My name change bread and wine
into My Body and Blood."
This change takes place in the Sacrifice of the Mass at the
Consecration. The moment the priest pronounces the words of the
Consecration over the bread and wine, that very instant Jesus Christ is
present as truly as He is in Heaven, with His Body and Soul, His
humanity and Divinity. After Consecration I nothing remains of the
bread and wine, except the sensible qualities or appearances. If, for
instance, the bread is round, its roundness remains after the
Consecration; if it is white, its whiteness remains; if it has a
certain taste or quality before, that taste or quality continues; and
so with the wine; the particular taste, color and every other sensible
quality is just the same after the Consecration as it was before it. In
a word, whatever is capable of being perceived by the senses remains,
but the
substance, which is perceived by the understanding alone, and not by the senses, is changed.
But you will perhaps ask: "Why does Our Lord hide Himself under the
outward appearances of bread and wine? Why does He not manifest Himself
under the sensible qualities of His Body, with His wounded hands, His
merciful countenance, His radiant majesty?" Now, Our Lord does so
chiefly for two reasons: The first is that we may not lose the merit of
faith. Were we to see Jesus Christ as He is seen by the blessed in
Heaven, we could no longer make an act of faith in His Real Presence,
for "faith is the belief in things which we do not see." (St. Paul)
Now Our Lord wishes to bestow on us after this life a great reward for
our faith, as He Himself has said: "Blessed are they that do not see
and yet believe." Many of the Saints, in order not to lose the merit of
their faith, have gone so far as to beg Our Lord not to favor them with
those consoling manifestations of Himself in the Blessed Sacrament
which He has sometimes granted to His chosen servants. One day, when
St. Louis, King of France, was invited to go to a church in which Our
Lord appeared in the Holy Eucharist under the form of an infant, he
replied: "I will not go to see my Lord in the Holy Eucharist because I
believe that He is present there as firmly as if I had seen Him. Let
those go and see Him who do not believe."
Surius relates, in the life of St. Hugo, that a priest of a certain
village in England, on breaking the Sacred Host one day at Mass, saw
blood issuing from it; whereupon, filled with reverential awe, he
determined to lead a holier life in the future, and in fact he soon
became renowned for his sanctity. St. Hugo happening once to stop at
this village, the priest related this miracle to him and offered to
show him the cloths which were yet stained with the miraculous blood;
but the holy bishop refused to look at them and would not even allow
his attendants to do so, saying that such wonders and sensible proofs
were only for those who did not believe. And when he noticed that some
of his attendants had a desire to see them, he reprimanded them sharply
and said that this desire proceeded not from piety but from curiosity
and that it was more perfect to believe without seeing, as Our Lord
Himself assures us. "Blessed are they that have not seen and yet
believe." (John 20:29)
The second reason why Our Lord hides Himself is that He might inspire
us with confidence. If He were to show Himself in all His glory, as He
appears to the Angels and Saints in Heaven, who would dare to approach
Him? Surely no one. But Jesus most earnestly desires to unite Himself
intimately to our souls, and therefore He conceals Himself under the
outward form of bread, that we may not be afraid of Him. "Our great
King," says St. Teresa, "veils Himself that we may receive Him with
greater confidence."
In order to enliven our faith in His Real Presence, Our Lord has
frequently manifested Himself in a sensible manner in the Holy
Eucharist. Church history abounds in instances of the kind. The first
that I shall relate is that of a miracle which occurred in the church
of St. Denis in Douay and is recorded by Thomas Cantipratensis, an
eye-witness. A certain priest, after having distributed Holy Communion
to the faithful, found one of the Sacred Hosts lying on the floor. Full
of consternation he knelt down to take it up, when the Host arose of
its own accord and placed itself on the purifier. The priest
immediately called those who were present, and when they came near the
altar, they all saw in the Sacred Host Jesus Christ under the form of a
child of exquisite beauty. "On hearing the news," says our author, "I
too went to Douay. After I had declared to the dean the object of my
visit, we went together to the church, and no sooner had he opened the
ciborium wherein the miraculous Host was contained than we both beheld
our Divine Saviour." "I saw," says Thomas, "the head of Jesus Christ,
like that of a full grown man. It was crowned with thorns. Two drops of
blood trickled down His forehead and fell on His cheek. With tearful
eyes I fell prostrate before Him. When I arose again, I no longer saw
either the crown of thorns or the drops of blood, but only the face of
a man whose aspect inspired great veneration." This miracle gave rise
to a confraternity in honor of the Most Holy Eucharist, to which
several popes, especially Paul IV and Clement XIV, granted numerous
indulgences. (P. Favre,
Le Ciel Ouvert)
In the village of
Les Ulmes de St. Florent,
in the diocese of Angers, the following miracle occurred on the second
of June, 1666, the Saturday within the octave of the feast of Corpus
Christi. The people were assembled in the church for Benediction, and
when the priest had intoned the hymn, "
Verbum Caro,
panem verum," there appeared in place of the Host the distinct figure
of a man. He was clothed in white, and His hands were crossed on His
breast; His hair fell upon His shoulders, and His countenance was
resplendent with majesty. The curate then invited all his parishioners
to come and witness the miracle: "If there be any infidel here," said
he, "let him now draw near." Everyone approached and gazed upon this
beautiful vision for about a quarter of an hour, after which the Host
resumed its former shape. The Bishop of Angers, Mgr. Henry Arnaud,
after having examined the testimony in favor of this miracle, caused it
to be proclaimed throughout the whole of France.
The Blessed Nicholas Fattori, a Franciscan friar, remarkable for his
piety and purity of heart, often saw Jesus Christ in the Consecrated
Host in the form of an infant. On touching the Blessed Sacrament, he
seemed to feel, not the mere Eucharistic species, but the very Flesh of
Jesus Christ. On this account, he used to present his fingers to those
who wished to kiss his hand, saying: "Kiss these fingers with great
respect, for they are sanctified by real contact with Jesus Christ Our
Lord and Sovereign Good." It is also related that, when this holy man
was in the presence of the Blessed Sacrament, he used to rejoice as a child does in the presence of its mother.
Our Lord in His great mercy has even gone so far as to manifest Himself to His enemies, to the unbelievers.
In the life of St. Gregory the Great, written by Paul the deacon, it is
related that a noble matron of Rome, who was accustomed to prepare the
hosts for the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, went one Sunday to receive
Holy Communion from the Holy Pontiff. When he gave her the Blessed
Eucharist, saying, "May the body of Our Lord Jesus Christ preserve thy
soul unto life everlasting," she laughed outright. Seeing this, the
Sovereign Pontiff did not give her the Blessed Sacrament, but replaced
it on the altar, and when the holy mysteries were ended, he asked the
lady why she laughed when about to receive the Body of the Lord. "Why,"
said she, "I laughed because I saw that what you said was the Body of
the Lord was one of those very wafers which I had made with my own
hands." Upon this the Pope ordered all present to pray that God, in
confirmation of the truth, would cause all to see with the eyes of the
body what the unbelief of this woman had prevented her from seeing with
the eyes of the soul. Accordingly, when the holy Pontiff and all
present had prayed for a while, the corporal was removed, and in sight
of the multitude who pressed round to witness the miracle, the Holy
Host was visibly changed into flesh. Then, turning to the woman, the
Pope said: Learn now to believe the words of the
Eternal Truth
Who declares: "The bread which I give is My Flesh, and My Blood is
drink indeed." And having besought God once more to change the Host
into its original form, he gave her the Holy Communion. This woman
never again doubted of the Real Presence and soon made great progress
in virtue.
I shall adduce only one more instance, which is related by St.
Alphonsus in his History of Heresies. It occurred about the time in
which Wickliffe began to deny the Catholic doctrine of the Real
Presence. Some Jews procured a Sacred Host through a servant girl whom
they had bribed to receive it unworthily. They then carried it to an
inn where they cut it into several pieces. Immediately a great quantity
of blood issued from each of the particles, but this miracle did not
convert those unhappy wretches. They now concealed the particles in a
meadow near the city of Posen. Some time afterwards, a cow-herd, on
crossing this meadow, saw the small particles of the Host rising into
the air and shining like fiery flames; he saw, moreover, that the oxen
fell on their knees as if in adoration. The cow-herd, who was a
Catholic, told his father what he had seen, and the father, having also
witnessed the miracle, acquainted the magistrate of the fact. Thereupon
a great concourse of people flocked to the place to witness the
miracle. In fine, the Bishop, with the clergy of the city, went in
procession to the place, and having deposited the holy particles in a
ciborium, they carried them to the church. A small chapel was built on
the spot where this miracle occurred. This chapel was afterwards
enlarged and converted into a magnificent church by Wenceslaus, King of
Poland; and Stephen, the Archbishop, testifies to his having seen in
this church these bloody particles.
You might be inclined to infer from this narrative that Our Lord's Body
is really broken and His Blood really shed whenever the Host is cut or
divided, but this is not the case. In the Blessed Sacrament Our Lord's
body remains whole and entire in each particle, as it was in the entire
Host. The Fathers of the Church explain this by the comparison of a
broken mirror, for just as each part of the mirror reflects the entire
image which the whole reflected before it was broken, so also does each
particle of the Host contain Christ's Body entire, as the whole Host
did before it was broken. And what is true of the Host is true also of
the chalice; Our Lord is present under each drop of Blood as truly as
under the whole species in the chalice.
Whenever, therefore, the Host is broken or the Blood spilt, it is not
Our Lord's Body and Blood that are broken and divided, but only the
sacred species. Moreover, Our Lord's Blood, as well as His Body, is
present under the form of bread, and His Body, as well as His Blood, is
present under the appearance of wine. At His Resurrection, Our Lord's
soul was reunited to His Body and Blood, never again to be separated;
so that where His Body is, there also is His Blood, His Soul, and His
Divinity; and where His Blood is, there also are His Body, Soul and
Divinity. In a word, Christ is entirely present under the species of
bread, as well as in the least particle of it, and He is also entirely
present under the species of wine, as well as in the least particle of
it. On this account, the Church, moved by several weighty reasons,
communicates the faithful under the form of bread only, knowing that
they are thereby deprived of no part of the Sacrament, but that they
receive the Blood of Jesus Christ as truly as if they drank it out of
the chalice.
That Our Lord's Blood is contained along with His Body in the Sacred
Host is proved, not only by the authority of the Church and the
Scriptures, and by the arguments from reason which I have just stated,
but also by numerous miracles. Some of those which I have already
related prove this doctrine. I will, therefore, add but one more.
It is related in the chronicles of the Hieronimites that a religious of
that order, named Peter of Cavanelas, was much tempted by doubts about
the presence of Blood in the Sacred Host. It pleased God to deliver him
from the temptation in the following manner: One Saturday, as he was
saying Mass in honor of our Blessed Lady, a thick cloud descended upon
the altar and enveloped it completely. When the cloud had disappeared,
he looked for the Host he had consecrated, but could not find it. The
chalice, too, was empty. Full of fear, he prayed to God to assist him
in this perplexity; whereupon, he beheld the Host upon a paten in the
air. He noticed that Blood was flowing from it into the chalice. The
Blood continued to flow until the chalice was as full as it had been
before. After his death, this miracle was found recorded in his own
handwriting. At the time it happened, nothing was known about it, as
Our Lord enjoined secrecy upon him. Even the person who served his Mass
knew nothing about it; he only noticed that the priest shed many tears,
and that the Mass lasted longer than usual.
Ah, how mysterious, yet how Divine and how consoling is the doctrine of
the Real Presence! Indeed, it is one of the most wonderful and most
consoling of all doctrines. It is the center of Catholic devotion and
has ever been the object of the most rapturous contemplation of the
saints. But I have not yet mentioned a fact which, I believe, will
increase your appreciation of this mystery. It is, in some respects,
more wonderful than any I have yet mentioned, and with it I will
conclude my instruction.
There have been many holy persons who have had a supernatural instinct
by which they were sensible of the presence of Jesus Christ in the
Blessed Sacrament, even when it was hidden and at a distance from them;
they could also distinguish a consecrated I Host from an unconsecrated
one. Goerres, in his celebrated work entitled
Christian Mysticism,
notices this fact and thus prefaces the enumeration of the few cases
which he cites: "In reference to the holiest of all things, the
Sacrament of the Eucharist, we find that those Saints who have
succeeded in raising themselves to the higher regions of spiritual life
were all endowed with the faculty of detecting the presence of the
Blessed Sacrament, even when it was hidden and at a considerable
distance. Blessed Ida of Louvain was always sensible of the presence of
Our Lord at the precise moment of Consecration. Once, when the server
at Mass had by mistake given the priest water instead of wine, so that
there was no consecration, St. Coleta, though kneeling at a distance,
perceived it by a supernatural instinct.
The Cistercian nun Juliana always knew when the Blessed Sacrament was
moved from St. Martin's Church at the close of the service, and each
time she used to be overwhelmed with sadness. This was frequently
witnessed by her friend Eva. (
Ibid.)
One day the Franciscans of Villonda invited the holy Carmelite Cassetus
to visit them, and in order to try him, they took the Blessed Sacrament
out of the tabernacle in which it was usually kept and placed it
elsewhere. They put no light before it, but left the lamp burning as
usual before the customary altar. On entering the church, the companion
of Cassetus turned towards the high altar, but Cassetus immediately
pointed out the spot where the Blessed Sacrament had been placed,
saying: "The body of Our Lord is there and not where the lamp is
burning; the brothers whom you see behind the grating have placed it
there in order to try us." (
Ibid.)
St. Francis Borgia had the same gift, and on entering a church, he
always walked straight to the spot where the Blessed Sacrament was
kept, even when no external sign indicated its presence. In 1839,
Prince Licknowsky visited Mary Moerl, the celebrated Tyrolese virgin
upon whom God bestowed so many miraculous gifts. While she was kneeling
in ecstasy on her bed, he observed that she moved round towards the
window. Neither he nor any of those present could tell the cause of
this. At last, on looking out, they saw a priest passing by, carrying
the Viaticum to the sick, without bell or chant or any sound that could
give notice of its approach. (
Catholic Magazine)
In the life of St. Lidwina of Holland, it is recorded that the priest,
in order to try her, gave her an unconsecrated host, but the Saint
perceived that it was only bread and said: "Your Reverence will please
give me another host, for that which you hold in your hand is not Jesus
Christ."
Blessed Margaret of the Blessed Sacrament, a Carmelite nun who lived in
France, was one day suffering great pain. Her sisters, wishing to
ascertain whether she would really find relief in the presence of the
Blessed Sacrament, to which she had a singular devotion, carried her at
first to various places in which the Holy Eucharist was not kept and
exhorted her to pray to Jesus Christ; but she answered in a plaintive
voice: "I do not find my Saviour here," and addressing herself to Him,
she said: "My Lord, I do not find here Thy Divine Truth," after which
she besought her sisters to carry her into the presence of the Blessed
Sacrament. (Her Life by P. Poesl, C.S.S.R.)
When St. Louis, King of France, was on his death-bed, he was asked by
the priest who brought him the Viaticum whether he really believed that
Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was present in the Host. The Saint,
collecting all his strength, answered with a loud voice: "I believe it
as firmly as if I saw Him present in the Host, just as the Apostles saw
Him when He ascended gloriously into Heaven." Now, if you would have
such faith as this great Saint, make use of the following means: First,
make many acts of faith in the Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the
Blessed Sacrament. Make them at home; kneel down in your room; turn
toward some church in which the Blessed Sacrament is kept and say: "My
Jesus, I firmly believe that Thou art present in that church; I
sincerely wish to be with Thee; but since this is impossible, I beseech
Thee to give Thy blessing to me and to all men."
Make such acts of faith when you are abroad or when you are at your
work; turn from time to time towards the Blessed Sacrament and say: "My
amiable Saviour, bless me and everything that I do; I will do and
suffer everything for love of Thee." Make such acts of faith on your
way to church. Say to yourself: "I am going to visit the King of Heaven
and earth; I am going to see my good Jesus, my amiable Saviour, Who
died on the Cross for me, a wretched sinner; I am going to visit the
best of fathers, who even considers it a favor when I have recourse to
Him in my necessities."
Finally, excite your faith when you are in church. Kneel with profound
reverence and adore your God and Creator, saying: "My God, I firmly
believe that Thou art in this tabernacle. I believe that in the Blessed
Sacrament the same God is present who created Heaven and earth out of
nothing; the same God who became an infant for my sake; who, after His
death and Resurrection, ascended into Heaven, and now sits at the right
hand of God the Father Almighty; the same who, at the end of the world,
will come in great majesty to judge the living and the dead."
This, then, is the first rule
-----to make many acts of
faith. The second is to keep yourself free from sin; for God will not
bestow the gift of a lively faith on a soul that is dead in sin. The
third and most efficacious means to gain a strong faith in the Real
Presence of Jesus Christ in the Blessed Sacrament is to pray for it.
"He that asketh receiveth." Hence, if you wish to have a lively faith
in this mystery, a faith that will make you exult when in the presence
of the Holy Eucharist, or even when you think of it, ask it of Jesus
Christ, and be assured that you will receive it. But since this lively
faith is a gift of inestimable value, Jesus Christ wishes that we
should ask for it again and again without ceasing. Pray for it
therefore until you have obtained it, and when you have obtained this
great gift, continue to pray that it may never be taken from you. Make
this prayer especially during Mass. Hear Mass frequently and,
especially in the time between the Consecration and the Communion,
beseech Jesus Christ to grant your petition, and doubt not in the least
that you will obtain it.
A young cleric once heard a missionary preach on the Real Presence, and
on the great love of Jesus Christ in the Blessed Sacrament. The
preacher spoke with as lively a faith as if he saw Jesus Christ with
his eyes. The young man was struck at this, and said to himself: "Oh my
Lord! What shall become of me? I, too, must one day preach on Thy
presence in the Holy Eucharist; but how feeble will my words be in
comparison with the words of this pious priest!" The young man related
this afterwards, and he added that, from that time forward, he had
always begged of Jesus Christ the gift of a lively faith in the Real
Presence and that he had done so frequently during Mass, particularly
at the time of the elevation. By this means his faith became so strong
that he afterwards besought Our Lord not to appear to him in any
sensible manner, and he could find nowhere so much joy and contentment
of heart as in a church where the Blessed Sacrament was preserved.
Often call to mind the wonders which Jesus Christ has wrought in this
mystery of love; make many acts of faith in His Real Presence; lead a
very chaste life; often beseech Jesus Christ to give you a lively
faith, especially when you have received Holy Communion; and then rest
assured that your faith will become strong and lively, like the faith
of a Saint, and your happiness will be unbounded. In days of yore, God
complained that the Jews did not know Him: "The ox knoweth his owner,
and the ass his master's crib: but Israel hath not known Me, and My
people hath not understood." And when our Divine Saviour came on earth,
He repeated the same reproach.
When Philip said to Our Lord at the Last Supper: "Lord, show us the
Father, and it is enough for us," our Saviour reproached him, saying:
"Have I been so long with you and you have not known Me? Philip, he
that seeth Me, seeth the Father also."
In the same manner does our dear Saviour, hidden under the Sacramental
veils, seem to reproach us: "I, your God and Redeemer, have been so
long with you in the Blessed Sacrament, and yet you do not know Me? Do
you not know that when you see the Blessed Sacrament, you see Me, your
Jesus? Do you not know that, when you are in the presence of the
Blessed Sacrament, you are in
My Divine Presence?"
Alas, this reproach is but too just! How true are the words of the
Evangelist: "He was in the world, and the world was made by Him, and
the world knew Him not. He came unto His Own, and His Own received Him
not." May you, my dear reader, never deserve this reproach, but rather,
may you be of the number of those of whom the same Evangelist says:
"But as many as received Him (that is, with a lively faith), to them He
hath given power to be made the sons of God." May you live on earth as
a child of God, and after death may you be received into the kingdom of
your heavenly Father, where, in reward for your faith, you will see,
face to face, Him Whom you have adored in the Blessed Sacrament and
will hear from His lips the consoling words: "Come, My well-beloved,
blessed art thou, because though thou hast not seen, thou hast yet
believed."
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